How to become a Shortwave listener (SWL) with Fedora Linux and Software Defined Radio

Image by John DiLiberto from Pixabay

Catching signals from others is how we have started communicating as human beings. It all started, of course, with our vocal cords. Then we moved to smoke signals for long-distance communication. At some point, we discovered radio waves and are still using them for contact. This article will describe how you can tune in using Fedora Linux and an SDR dongle.

My journey

I got interested in radio communication as a hobby when I was a kid, while my local club, LZ2KRS, was still a thing. I was so excited to be able to listen and communicate with people worldwide. It opened a whole new world for me. I was living in a communist country back then and this was a way to escape just for a bit. It also taught me about ethics and technology.  

Year after year my hobby grew and now, in the Internet era with all the cool devices you can use, it’s getting even more exciting. So I want to show you how to do it with Fedora Linux and a hardware dongle.

What is Ham Radio

Amateur Radio (ham radio) is a popular hobby and service that brings people, electronics, and communication together. People use ham radio to talk across town, worldwide, or even into space, without the Internet or cell phones. 

What’s SWLing?

To broadcast with your ham radio or SDR system, you need to obtain a license from a governmental body. But to intercept signals and listen to the open communication between two amateur radio stations, you don’t need one.

The term SWLing comes from the abbreviation of Short Wave Listener, where you listen to stations communicating in the shortwave bands between 3 and 30 MHz. This can be used for long-distance communication using the ionosphere, a layer of the Earth’s atmosphere. 

To get started, you don’t need a license. Still, I recommend getting yourself an SWL sign to identify yourself in a listening contest. These are competitions for categories like who will discover the most connections in a month or who can listen to contacts from each country in the world. 

How to get an SWL Sign?

There are two options:

  • Contact your national radio club and ask them to issue one for you. I got my Czech one, OK1-36568, after a few weeks.
  • Join the Short Wave Amateur Radio Listening community and request a sign there.

You will get more information and help from either of these locations if you get stuck in some fashion! 

QSL Cards

You can also use your sign to send QSL cards via post or electronically. This is a great way to communicate with people worldwide and make friends.

Per Wikipedia, QSL card is a written confirmation of either a two-way radio communication between two amateur radio or citizens band stations; a one-way reception of a signal from an AM radio, FM radio, television, or shortwave broadcasting station; or the reception of a two-way radio communication by a third party listener (in our case). 

A typical QSL card is the same size and made from the same material as a regular postcard; most are sent through snail mail. 

Replace the radio receiver with your Fedora Linux.

The focal point of the ham radio hobby is the radio transmitter/receiver. Most of the time, enthusiasts build their radio from scratch, but this differs from what I will write about here. 

SDR

A software-defined radio (SDR) system is a radio communication system that uses software for the modulation and demodulation of radio signals. In other words, a piece of hardware and software takes the place of a radio transmitter/receiver. This helps you discover more in a way that you are familiar with – a User Interface with built-in functions instead of the limited interface of a radio receiver. 

My explanation oversimplifies things, so if you want to go deep and read more about SDR, here is an excellent start.

SDR Set Up under Fedora Linux

Choosing the proper hardware

If you search the Internet for an SDR dongle, you’ll find tons of ideas depending on your budget. In this tutorial, I’ll work with the one I have, which works well under Fedora 37 – it is available from Nooelec.

A note: The dongle covers frequencies from 25MHz to 1750MHz, which doesn’t cover the Short Wave bands. You would need an additional device to listen to them. This is included in the package I linked above. Some other hardware providers offer all-in-one products.

Check if the dongle is visible

Before installing anything, detect whether Fedora Linux recognizes your USB dongle. I hope you didn’t buy a fake one :-). Use the following command to list the USB devices on your system.

lsusb

One of the output lines (in the case of Nooelec) should be

Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL2838 DVB-T

A screen from Fedora Linux showing the results of the lsusb command listing the Realtek Device we will be using in this exercise.

Now proceed by installing the software you need

Fedora offers a set of tools and drivers packaged as a group. Even though you would not use all the components in this package from the beginning, I recommend installing it. You’ll have more software to play with.

sudo dnf group install 'Electronic Lab'

I advise you to explore what’s in the group by running this command:

sudo dnf group info 'Electronic Lab'

Now check if you have everything set up correctly by running:

rtl_test

You should see something like this:

A screen from Fedora Linux console showing the results of the previous command listing the device and its properties.

Do not forget to kill this process because the device will be busy and cannot be used in the next step. A simple Ctrl + c works.

Gqrx

You have the dongle already in your device’s USB port and all the software you need to get started. 

 Now it’s time to intercept your first signal. Start the program called Gqrx. Don’t be alarmed by the strange interface. You’ll get used to it. 

Configure the I/O Device Screen

A screen showing the settings panel of the software Gqrx, for the device we use.

From the “Device” Dropdown, select the ‘RealtekRTL2838...’

Leave the rest untouched for the moment.

If you don’t see your device there, click the “Device Scan” button at the bottom of the screen.

When your device is selected, click “OK” and the dialogue will close.

Configure the frequency screen

Before you start intercepting signals, ensure there is something out there that proves that everything works correctly. Since the dongle covers the FM radio band as well, do this:

  • Locate your favorite radio station’s frequency. Mine is 105MHZ
  • Set it in the Frequency field
  • Select WFM (stereo) in the “Mode” dropdown. If you don’t do this, you will not hear a sound.
A screen from the gqrx software helping us to se the frequency to our favorite FM station.

Play

And now, you need to start the reception by clicking the “play button” in your main menu. You will see the frequency visualized like this:

A screen from gqrz displaying the signal received.

If you hear a sound, everything is ready to move to the next step.

If you don’t hear anything, check if everything is set up correctly. You may ask a questions in the comments for this article; I can direct you to the proper forum to solve this.

Feel free to play with some more FM broadcasts. You have the antenna for it in your pack.

Let’s go Short Wave

In the case of the Nooelec, you need to add one more device to the USB dongle and turn it on. Instructions on how to do that are included in the package you receive.  

In short, you plug the “Up Converter” into your USB dongle and make sure the switch is in the “convert” position. Some videos are available on how to do it if you get stuck.

You will need an antenna and a good location

Now things get trickier. If you live in an area where you don’t see an open space out your window or other buildings surround your building, you might have trouble catching a Short Wave radio amateur signal. 

Let’s try this to see if it works

Try to be in the open. I usually listen from my terrace, which could be better but works under particular conditions.

Apart from the hardware, you would need a long wire to act as your antenna. Try the antenna that comes with the hardware initially – the telescoping one from Nooelec, but it will catch only powerful signals.

Let’s go back to Gqrx

Now with the converter, you need to make some changes to your device screen:

A screen from gqrx showing how to set up the SDR with the up Converter, You need to add the value of -125Mhz to the LNB LO Field.

Please note the –125Mhz for the LNB LO field. This is required for the Up Converter to work.

Tune your frequency to 14.100 Mhz and make sure your Mode is USB (standing for Upper sideband) because this is this band’s main demodulation option.

Then go to your FFT Settings screen, use the zoom slider, and set it to see about 100 kHz. In our case, you should have between 14.05 to 14.15 Mhz on your screen.

Also, click the “Enable Band Plan” to see the information about the SW bands you are exploring.

Then hit the play button and start exploring the space between 14.0 and 14.3 Mhz to get any amateur radio transmission.

A screen showing the gqrc signal receiver in work with the setting described in this section.

When intercepting a transmission, adjust your settings to improve your listening experience. It’s a journey that you have already started.

Most probably, you will hear something like this:

“CQ CQ CQ this is ..(followed by the radio license number spelled with the ham radio phonetic alphabet). 

Listen very carefully, and by the call sign, you will be able to determine the location of theΒ radio amateurs’ country.

You can visit the QRZCQ website to learn more about them and even send them a QSL card confirming their connection.

Keep the momentum going.

Now you have some tools and ideas for starting Short Wave Listening. 

This is the first step of an incredible and exciting journey you can have together with your Fedora Linux OS. 

You will discover the pleasure of building your antenna for the specific band, reading more about how the ionosphere helps, how to be a part of a listening competition, and what those Q-codes mean.

73

Fedora Project community Using Hardware

28 Comments

  1. Lima

    Great article! SWL is really amazing! but what about SDR++ ? it’s really a challenge to install this app on Fedora… is there any rpm package available? 73

    • Lima,
      Thanks for this question. According to my PR’s response (https://github.com/AlexandreRouma/SDRPlusPlus/pull/963) the Fedora package lacks some modules. If you want to give it a try, you can install it via dnf and play with it, but you might need some additional modules to cover some use cases. Let me know if you succeeded.

      • Lima

        Thanks for your feedback! I was able to install it on my F37 laptop, but unfouturnately it is missing the Airspy HF+ Discovery module as I understand. I will investigate a little bit this, but so far I have not been able to add it.

      • Lima

        Is there any chance for you to include this Airspy HF+ module on your build?

  2. zermok

    nice article thanks! does the software include transmitter too?

  3. Scott Morgan

    Is there any way to add outbound comms to become a full blown ham radio?

  4. Ed Scott

    Thanks for “How to become a Shortwave listener (SWL) with Fedora Linux and Software Defined Radio”!!!!!!! I grew-up around early Hams who had worked for Dr. Lee DeForest back in the early days of vacuum tubes. My Dad, who was the youngest and last employee that Doc DeForest hired, put in the first microwave radio system for police and fire in Southern California. I got a BSEE in computers from Calpoly, but didn’t get around to getting my Technician license until February last year, then got my General license last June, and got my Dad’s old call sign as a vanity one. In my youngest years I used to sneak out of bed to put on headphones and listen to shortwave radio on Dad’s WWII era Hallicrafter’s SX-28. The areas of most interest for me that I hope Fedora will be focusing on in coming years are amateur/shortwave radio, photography (shooting film, scanning, and doing post production digitally interests me most – I have a BFA from Art Center College of Design and freelanced in Hollywood in photography and film, and before that was a US Army combat photographer in Vietnam for two years – 1968-70, both Tet Offensives), and RVing (in the US and Canada). Thanks for a great operating system and your efforts for things like amateur/shortwave radio. In these dangerous times of hostility by Russia, Iran, North Korea and potentially China, Fedora and your efforts on topics like this are a really welcome and useful.

    • zermok

      you misunderstood the geo political game I think. you biggest ennemy is your own gov allowing infiltrations and secret documents by corruption and mafia chantage…

    • Wow. Thanks for sharing this story. I am sure the spirit of Doc DeForest is still alive!

      • Ed Scott

        I have an RSPdx and a USB dongle SDR, but am waiting to relocate before getting to use them much. SDRplay has said they are working on new software which will run on Linux and MacOS, not just Windows. The old-timers I knew preferred Kenwood and home-brew for amateur radio.

  5. Mauricio

    Great.

    • Plamen Jordan

      Thanks for the great article. I am a big fan of the SDR, and I am so happy that I can also use my Fedora for this. Reading the description of the hardware providers, I thought it ran mainly under Mac and Windows, and the Linux was somehow “experimental.”

      Thanks for showing me that there is a good way under Fedora as well.

      • I had the same experience with my SDR producer. There was a mention of the fact that it might be working under Linux. I might reach out to them so they can include this article on their website πŸ™‚

  6. Listening/Lurking

    Awesome article!

  7. I didn’t expect to read an article on this subject here… And yet, great article !

    I discovered SWLing relatively recently, and am also experimenting with a Nooelec key and mainly SDR++ on my Silverblue (waiting for Sericea) but also a pair of Android/ChromeOS devices, hence my choice for sdrpp.

    I hope to discover here soon other articles about SDR use on Fedora !

    • Olivier,
      I am so happy I can surprise you. What”s your take on SDR++? Did you build it from the source, or you used the package?

  8. I also saw that there would be a ham radio booth at FOSDEM. Looking forward to exploring more!

  9. Max

    Very interesting article, i didn’t knew it was possible on Linux! πŸ™‚

  10. I like to use Fedora package dump1090 with my RTL-SDR to track aircraft around the airport near our house. [edited]

  11. Thank you very much for writing this, Bogomil! πŸ™‚ As a long time SWL and a ham radio operator, I was very pleasantly surprised to see such article here. πŸ™‚

    73′ DE Daniel OK2VLK / OK2-36364

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